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RA OSIRIS 2 OSIRIS RA

 

-
RA OSIRIS
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
3
AOS
35
17
8
1
I
9
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
1
S
19
10
1
8
RA OSIRIS
108
45
36
-
1+0+8
4+6
3+6
8
RA OSIRIS
9
9
9

 

 

4
LORD
49
22
4
2
OF
21
12
3
5
DEATH
38
20
2
11
F
108
54
9
1+1
-
1+0+8
5+4
-
2
-
9
9
9

 

 

THE EGYPTIAN HEAVEN AND HELL

BOOK OF THE DEAD

E. A.Wallis Budge 1857 - 1934

Page 59/60

CHAPTER OF COMING FORTH BY DAY AND OF MAKING A WAY THROUGH AMMEHET.1

"Saith Osiris, the king, the lord of the two lands, MEN-MAAT-RA, whose word is maat, the son of the Sun, [procceeding] from his body loving him, the lord of crowns, SETI MER-EN-PTAH, whose word is maat, "Homage to "you, O ye lords of maat, who are free from iniquity, "who exist and live for ever and to the double henti "period of everlastingness, MEN-MAAT-, whose word is "maat, the son of the Sun, [proceeding] from his body, " loving him, the lord of diadems, SETI MER-EN-PTAH, / "whose word is maat, before you hath become a "khu (i.e., a spirit) in his attributes, he hath gained " the mastery through his words of power, and he "is laden with his splendours. O deliver ye the "Osiris, the king, the lord of the two lands, MEN-MAAT-RA, whose word is maat, the son of the Sun, lord of diadems, SETI MER-EN-PTAH, whose word is maat, from the crocodile of this Pool of "Matti. He hath his mouth, let him speak there-"with. Let there be granted unto him broad-handed- "ness in your presence, because I know you, and I "know your names. . ."

 

 

-
PER HEM HERU
-
-
-
3
PER
39
21
3
3
HEM
26
17
8
4
HERU
52
25
7
10
PER HEM HERU
117
63
18
1+0
1+1+7
6+3
1+8
1
PER HEM HERU
9
9
9

 

 

13
SETI-MER-EN-PTAH
-
-
-
-
SETI
53
26
8
-
MER
36
18
9
-
EN
19
10
1
-
PTAH
45
18
9
13
SETI-MER-EN-PTAH
153
72
27
1+3
-
1+5+3
7+2
2+7
4
SETI-MER-EN-PTAH
9
9
9

 

 

I

AM

THE OPPOSITE OF THE OPPOSITE

I

AM

THE OPPOSITE OF OPPOSITE IS THE

AM

I

AM

 

 

THE

BALANCING

MARK A KARMA A MARK

THE

LIFE FILE

 

 

 

O
=
6
3
ONE
34
16
7
T
=
2
3
TWO
58
13
4
T
=
2
5
THREE
56
29
2
F
=
6
4
FOUR
60
24
6
F
+
6
4
FIVE
42
24
6
S
=
1
3
SIX
52
16
7
S
=
1
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
E
=
5
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
N
=
5
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
39
36
-
458
197
44
-
-
3+9
3+6
-
4+5+8
1+9+7
4+4
-
-
12
9
-
17
17
8
-
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
9
-
8
8
8

 

 

O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
56
29
2
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
52
16
7
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
65
20
2
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
42
24
6
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
58
13
4
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
34
-
36
-
458
197
44
-
-
3+4
-
3+6
-
4+5+8
1+9+7
4+4
-
-
7
4
9
-
17
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+7
1+7
-
-
-
7
-
9
-
8
8
8

 

 

NUMBER

9

THE SEARCH FOR THE SIGMA CODE

Cecil Balmond 1998

Page 32

5


To Sorcerers and Magicians number FIVEis the most powerful - five is the mark of the pentacle, a five pointed star drawn by extending the sides of a Pentagon. Five surely is in the possession of the occult. And the Pentagon is the geometric figure in which the golden ratio of classical art and architecture is found most.

 

 

THE

BALANCING

ONE TWO THREE FOUR

FIVE

NINE EIGHT SEVEN SIX

O
=
15
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
1
T
=
20
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
2
T
=
20
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
3
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
4
-
-
61
-
15
Add
208
82
19
-
10
-
-
6+1
-
1+5
Reduce
2+0+8
8+2
1+9
-
1+0
-
-
7
-
6
Deduce
10
10
10
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
Produce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
7
-
6
Essence
1
1
1
-
1

 

 

N
=
14
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
9
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
-
8
S
=
19
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
-
7
S
=
19
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
-
6
-
-
57
-
17
Add
208
91
19
-
30
-
-
5+7
-
1+7
Reduce
2+0+8
9+1
1+9
-
3+0
-
-
12
-
8
Deduce
10
10
10
-
3
-
-
1+2
-
-
Produce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
3
-
8
Essence
1
1
1
-
3

 

4
FIVE
42
24
6

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

 

15
ONE TWO THREE FOUR
208
82
1
4
FIVE
42
24
6
17
NINE EIGHT SEVEN SIX
208
91
1

 

 

3
ONE
34
16
7
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
15
Add
208
82
19
-
17
Add
208
91
19
1+5
Reduce
2+0+8
8+2
1+9
-
1+7
Reduce
2+0+8
9+1
1+9
6
Deduce
10
10
10
-
8
Deduce
10
10
10
-
Produce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
Produce
1+0
1+0
1+0
6
Essence
1
1
1
-
8
Essence
1
1
1

 

ALWAYS BALANCING IS THAT FIVE THAT FIVE IS BALANCING ALWAYS

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
45
-
-
-
42
-
40
Add
522
225
45
-
1
4
3
8
5
18
14
8
9
4+5
-
-
-
4+2
-
4+0
Reduce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
1+4
-
-
9
-
-
-
6
-
4
Deduce
9
9
9
-
1
4
3
8
5
9
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
45
-
-
-
42
-
40
Add
522
225
45
-
1
4
3
8
5
18
14
8
9
4+5
-
-
-
4+2
-
4+0
Reduce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
1+4
-
-
9
-
-
-
6
-
4
Deduce
9
9
9
-
1
4
3
8
5
9
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
-
1
-
3
-
5
-
-
8
9
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
-
2
3
-
5
-
-
8
9
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
-
-
2
3
-
5
-
-
8
9
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
-
8
9
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
-
8
9
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
8
9
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
8
9
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
-
3
-
5
6
-
8
9
1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
7
8
9
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
7
8
9
45
-
-
-
42
-
40
Add
522
225
45
-
1
4
3
8
5
18
14
8
9
4+5
-
-
-
4+2
-
4+0
Reduce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
1+4
-
-
9
-
-
-
6
-
4
Deduce
9
9
9
-
1
4
3
8
5
9
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
4
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
Z
=
8
-
4
ZERO
64
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
3
-
T
=
2
-
5
THREE
56
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
7
-
S
=
1
-
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
-
T
=
2
-
3
TWO
58
13
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
F
=
6
-
4
FOUR
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
6
-
5
-
F
=
6
-
4
FIVE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
6
-
9
-
N
=
5
-
4
NINE
42
24
6
-
-
-
-
6
-
1
-
O
=
6
-
3
ONE
34
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
6
-
S
=
1
-
3
SIX
52
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
45
-
-
-
42
-
40
Add
522
225
45
-
1
4
8
18
14
4+5
-
-
-
4+2
-
4+0
Reduce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
-
-
-
-
1+8
1+4
9
-
-
-
6
-
4
Deduce
9
9
9
-
1
4
8
9
5

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
-
Z
=
8
1
4
ZERO
64
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
F
=
6
2
5
FIRST
72
27
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
2
-
S
=
1
3
6
SECOND
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
3
-
T
=
2
4
5
THIRD
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
4
-
F
=
6
5
6
FOURTH
88
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
F
=
6
6
5
FIFTH
49
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
S
=
1
7
5
SIXTH
80
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
7
-
S
=
1
8
7
SEVENTH
93
30
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
9
6
EIGHTH
57
39
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
N
=
5
10
5
NINTH
65
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
-
-
-
41
-
54
Add
687
300
48
-
1
2
6
8
5
6
7
8
9
4+5
-
-
-
4+1
-
5+4
Reduce
6+8+7
3+0+0
4+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
5
-
9
Deduce
21
3
12
-
1
2
6
8
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce
2+1
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
5
-
9
Essence
3
3
3
-
1
2
6
8
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
-
Z
=
8
1
4
ZERO
64
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
N
=
5
10
5
NINTH
65
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
S
=
1
8
7
SEVENTH
93
30
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
9
6
EIGHTH
57
39
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
F
=
6
6
5
FIFTH
49
31
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
T
=
2
4
5
THIRD
59
32
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
2
-
S
=
1
3
6
SECOND
60
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
4
-
F
=
6
5
6
FOURTH
88
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
S
=
1
7
5
SIXTH
80
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
1
-
F
=
6
2
5
FIRST
72
27
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
45
-
-
-
41
-
54
Add
687
300
48
-
1
2
6
8
5
6
7
8
9
4+5
-
-
-
4+1
-
5+4
Reduce
6+8+7
3+0+0
4+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
5
-
9
Deduce
21
3
12
-
1
2
6
8
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce
2+1
-
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
5
-
9
Essence
3
3
3
-
1
2
6
8
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

F
=
6
-
3
FOR
39
21
3
E
=
5
-
5
EVERY
75
30
3
A
=
1
-
6
ACTION
62
26
8
T
=
2
-
5
THERE
56
29
2
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
19
1
A
=
1
-
2
AN
15
6
6
E
=
5
-
5
EQUAL
56
20
2
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
O
=
6
-
8
OPPOSITE
115
43
7
R
=
9
-
8
REACTION
85
40
4
-
-
45
4
46
First Total
550
244
37
-
-
4+5
-
4+6
Add to Reduce
5+5+0
2+4+4
3+7
Q
-
9
-
10
Second Total
10
10
10
-
-
-
4
1+0
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
9
5
1
Essence of Number
1
1
1

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
-
5
ADDED
18
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
-
3
ALL
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
5
MINUS
76
22
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
4
NONE
48
21
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
6
SHARED
55
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
2
BY
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
10
MULTIPLIED
121
49
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
9
ABUNDANCE
65
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
35
-
58
First Total
995
266
59
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
14
8
18
-
-
3+5
-
5+8
Add to Reduce
9+9+5
2+6+6
5+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
13
Second Total
23
14
14
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
2+3
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
4
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
5
8
9

 

 

MANETHO

THE

O

NAME

MANETHO

 

 

Manetho - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manetho

Manetho (/ˈmænɨθoʊ/; Greek: Μανέθων, Manethōn, or Μανέθως, Manethōs) was an Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos (ancient Egyptian: Tjebnutjer) who lived during the Ptolemaic era, approximately during the 3rd century BC. Manetho wrote the Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt).

Manetho (/ˈmænɨθoʊ/; Greek: Μανέθων, Manethōn, or Μανέθως, Manethōs) was an Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos (ancient Egyptian: Tjebnutjer) who lived during the Ptolemaic era, approximately during the 3rd century BC.

Manetho wrote the Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt). His work is of great interest to Egyptologists, and is often used as evidence for the chronology of the reigns of pharaohs. The earliest and only surviving reference to Manetho's Aegyptiaca is that of the Jewish historian Josephus in his work "Against Apion".

Name[edit]

The original Egyptian version of Manetho's name is now lost to us, but some[who?] speculate that it means "Gift of Thoth", "Beloved of Thoth", "Truth of Thoth", "Beloved of Neith", or "Lover of Neith". Less accepted proposals are Myinyu-heter ("Horseherd" or "Groom") and Ma'ani-Djehuti ("I have seen Thoth"). In the Greek language, the earliest fragments (the Carthage inscription and Flavius Josephus) write his name as Μανεθων Manethōn, so the rendering of his name here is given as Manetho (the same way that Platōn is rendered "Plato"). Other Greek renderings include Manethōs, Manethō, Manethos, Manēthōs, Manēthōn, and even Manethōth. In Latin we find Manethon, Manethos, Manethonus, and Manetos.

Life and work[edit]

Although no sources for the dates of his life and death remain, his work is usually associated with the reigns of Ptolemy I Soter (323–283 BC) and Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285–246 BC). If the mention of Manetho in the Hibeh Papyri, dated to 241/40 BC, is in fact Manetho the author of Aegyptiaca, then he may well have been working during the reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes (246–222 BC) as well. Although he was Egyptian and his topics dealt with Egyptian matters, he wrote in the Greek language. Other works he wrote include Against Herodotus, The Sacred Book, On Antiquity and Religion, On Festivals, On the Preparation of Kyphi, and the Digest of Physics. The astrological treatise Book of Sothis has also been attributed to Manetho. In Aegyptiaca, he coined the term "dynasty" (Greek: dynasteia, abstractly meaning "governmental power") to refer to a group of kings with a common origin.

He was probably a priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis (according to George Syncellus, he was the chief priest), and was also considered an authority on the cult of Sarapis (a derivation of Osiris and Apis). Sarapis itself was a Greco-Macedonian version of the Egyptian cult, probably started after Alexander the Great's establishment of Alexandria in Egypt. A statue of the god was imported between 286 and 278 BC[citation needed] by Ptolemy (probably Ptolemy Soter, as Tacitus and Plutarch attest,[1] although Ptolemy Philadelphus is possible, and there was a tradition in antiquity that it was Ptolemy Euergetes) where Timotheus of Athens (an authority on Demeter at Eleusis) and Manetho directed the project.

Aegyptiaca[edit]

The Aegyptiaca (Ἀιγυπτιακά, Aiguptiaka), the "History of Egypt", may have been Manetho's largest work, and certainly the most important. It was organised chronologically and divided into three volumes, and his division of rulers into dynasties was an innovation. However, he did not use the term in the modern sense, by bloodlines, but rather, introduced new dynasties whenever he detected some sort of discontinuity whether geographical (Dynasty IV from Memphis, Dynasty V from Elephantine), or genealogical (especially in Dynasty I, he refers to each successive Pharaoh as the "son" of the previous to define what he means by "continuity"). Within the superstructure of a genealogical table, he fills in the gaps with substantial narratives of the Pharaonic kings.

Some have suggested that Aegyptiaca was written as a competing account to Herodotus' Histories, to provide a national history for Egypt that did not exist before. From this perspective, Against Herodotus may have been an abridged version or just a part of Aegyptiaca that circulated independently. Unfortunately, neither survives in its original form today.

 

-
-
-
-
-
MANETHO
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
31
-
7
MANETHO
67
31
31
-
-
3+1
-
-
-
6+7
3+1
3+1
-
-
4
-
7
MANETHO
13
4
4
-
-
3+1
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
4
-
7
MANETHO
4
4
4

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
MANETHO
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
NAME
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
31
-
7
MANETHO
67
31
31
-
-
3+1
-
-
-
6+7
3+1
3+1
-
-
4
-
7
MANETHO
13
4
4
-
-
3+1
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
4
-
7
MANETHO
4
4
4

 

 

-
7
M
A
N
E
T
H
O
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
6
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
8
15
+
=
37
3+7
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
7
M
A
N
E
T
H
O
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
1
-
5
2
-
-
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
13
1
-
5
20
-
-
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
7
M
A
N
E
T
H
O
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
1
14
5
20
8
15
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
-
-
4
1
5
5
2
8
6
+
=
31
3+1
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
7
M
A
N
E
T
H
O
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
7
M
A
N
E
T
H
O
-
-
26
-
-
7
-
31
-
22
1+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+6
-
-
-
-
3+1
-
2+2
10
7
M
A
N
E
T
H
O
-
-
8
-
-
7
-
4
-
4
1+0
-
4
1
5
5
2
8
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
7
M
A
N
E
T
H
O
-
-
8
-
-
7
-
4
-
4

 

 

7
M
A
N
E
T
H
O
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
6
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
-
14
-
-
8
15
+
=
37
3+7
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
7
M
A
N
E
T
H
O
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
1
-
5
2
-
-
+
=
12
1+2
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
13
1
-
5
20
-
-
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
7
M
A
N
E
T
H
O
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
1
14
5
20
8
15
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
-
4
1
5
5
2
8
6
+
=
31
3+1
=
4
=
4
=
4
7
M
A
N
E
T
H
O
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
=
2
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
2
=
10
1+0
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
M
A
N
E
T
H
O
-
-
26
-
-
7
-
31
-
22
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+6
-
-
-
-
3+1
-
2+2
7
M
A
N
E
T
H
O
-
-
8
-
-
7
-
4
-
4
-
4
1
5
5
2
8
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
M
A
N
E
T
H
O
-
-
8
-
-
7
-
4
-
4

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
MANETHO
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
NAME
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
31
-
7
MANETHO
67
31
31
-
-
3+1
-
-
-
6+7
3+1
3+1
-
-
4
-
7
MANETHO
13
4
4
-
-
3+1
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
4
-
7
MANETHO
4
4
4

 

MANETHO

NAME THE O NAME O THE NAME

MANETHO

 

N
=
5
-
7
NAME
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
7
AMEN
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
7
MANE
33
15
6

 

AMEN THE NAME

 

-
-
-
-
-
MANETHO
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
4
NAME
33
15
6
O
=
6
-
2
THe
21
12
3
G
=
7
-
3
O
26
17
8
S
-
20
4
12
MANETHO
113
59
23
-
-
2+0
-
1+2
-
1+1+3
5+9
2+3
-
-
2
-
3
MANETHO
5
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
2
-
3
MANETHO
5
5
5

 

 

THE

MIND OF MIN

 

 

Y
=
7
-
9
YESTERDAY
122
41
5
T
-
2
-
5
TODAY
65
20
2
T
=
2
-
8
TOMORROW
137
47
2
-
-
11
-
22
-
207
108
9
-
-
1+1
-
2+2
-
3+2+4
1+0+8
-
-
-
2
-
4
-
9
9
3

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
MANETHO
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
31
-
7
MANETHO
76
31
31
-
-
3+1
-
-
-
7+6
3+1
3+1
-
-
4
-
7
MANETHO
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
4
-
7
MANETHO
4
4
4

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
MANETHO
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
31
-
7
MANETHO
76
31
31
-
-
3+1
-
-
-
7+6
3+1
3+1
-
-
4
-
7
MANETHO
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
4
-
7
MANETHO
4
4
4

 

 

8

RAMESSES
I
1293-1291
99
27
9

8

RAMESSES
II
1279-1212
99
27
9

8

RAMESSES

III
1182-1151
99
27
9

8

RAMESSES

IV
1151-1145
99
27
9

8

RAMESSES

V
1145-1141
99
27
9

8

RAMESSES

VI
1141-1133
99
27
9

8

RAMESSES

VII
1133-1126
99
27
9

8

RAMESSES

VIII
1133-1126
99
27
9

8

RAMESSES

IX
1126-1108
99
27
9

8

RAMESSES

X
1108-1098
99
27
9

8

RAMESSES

XI
1098-1070
99
27
9

 

 

7

PTOLEMY

I
106
34
7

7

PTOLEMY
II
106
34
7

7

PTOLEMY
III
106
34
7

7

PTOLEMY

IV
106
34
7

7

PTOLEMY

V
106
34
7

7

PTOLEMY

VI
106
34
7

7

PTOLEMY

VII
106
34
7

7

PTOLEMY

VIII
106
34
7

7

PTOLEMY
IX
106
34
7

7

PTOLEMY
X
106
34
7

7

PTOLEMY
XI
106
34
7

7

PTOLEMY

XII
106
34
7
7

PTOLEMY

XIII
106
34
7
7

PTOLEMY

XIV
106
34
7
7

PTOLEMY

XV
106
34
7
9

CLEOPATRA
-
91
37
1

 

 

P
=
7
-
-
PTOLEMY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
P+T
36
9
9
-
-
-
-
2
O+L
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
2
E+M
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
Y
25
7
7
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
34
-
-
-
-
-
-
9+5
3+4
3+4
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
7
7
7

 


Ptolemy

ircamera.as.arizona.edu/NatSci102/NatSci102/lectures/ptolemy.htm

Ptolemy. lived around 150 AD, and elaborated the geocentric (earth-centered) model of the ... Ptolemy's epigram, from the

 

Well do I know that I am mortal, a creature of one day.
But if my mind follows the winding paths of the stars
Then my feet no longer rest on earth, but standing by
Zeus himself I take my fill of ambrosia, the divine dish.

- Ptolemy's epigram, from the Almagest, probably written by himself

 

P
=
7
-
-
PTOLEMY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
1
Y
25
7
7
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
34
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0+6
3+4
3+4
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
7
7
7

 

 

Ptolemies - Livius

www.livius.org › index › ancient Greece › ancient Egypt

This marked the beginning of Egypt's independence under a new dynasty, the Ptolemies (or Lagids). Ptolemy accepted the royal title in 306.

In 332, the Macedonian king Alexander the Great conquered Egypt and gave a new capital to the old kingdom along the Nile, Alexandria. After his death (11 June 323), his friend Ptolemy became satrap of Egypt, and started to behave himself rather independently. When Perdiccas, the regent of Alexander's mentally unfit successor Philip Arridaeus arrived in 320, he was defeated. This marked the beginning of Egypt's independence under a new dynasty, the Ptolemies (or Lagids). Ptolemy accepted the royal title in 306.

The fourteen kings of this dynasty were all called Ptolemy and are numbered by modern historians I to XV (Ptolemy VII never reigned). A remarkable aspect of the Ptolemaic monarchy was the prominence of women (seven queens named Cleopatra and four Berenices), who rose to power when their sons or brothers were too young. This was almost unique in Antiquity. Another intriguing aspect was the willingness of the Ptolemies to present themselves to the Egyptians as native pharaohs (cf. the pictures below, some of which are in Egyptian style). This was less unique: the Seleucid dynasty that reigned the Asian parts of Alexander's empire did the same.

"A remarkable aspect of the Ptolemaic monarchy was the prominence of women (seven queens named Cleopatra and four Berenices), "

The fourteen kings of this dynasty were all called Ptolemy

 

P
=
7
-
-
PTOLEMY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
P+T
36
9
9
-
-
-
-
2
O+L
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
2
E+M
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
Y
25
7
7
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
34
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0+6
3+4
3+4
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
7
7
7

 

The fourteen kings of this dynasty were all called Ptolemy

1
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
-
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1484
476
238
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4+8+4
4+7+6
2+3+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
17
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+7
1+7
1+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
8
8

 

 

"A remarkable aspect of the Ptolemaic monarchy was the prominence of women (seven queens named Cleopatra and four Berenices), "

 

1
-
C
=
3
-
9
CLEOPATRA
91
37
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
C
=
3
-
9
CLEOPATRA
91
37
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
C
=
3
-
9
CLEOPATRA
91
37
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
C
=
3
-
9
CLEOPATRA
91
37
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
C
=
3
-
9
CLEOPATRA
91
37
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
C
=
3
-
9
CLEOPATRA
91
37
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
C
=
3
-
9
CLEOPATRA
91
37
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
637
259
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6+3+7
2+5+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+6
1+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
7
7

 

 

"A remarkable aspect of the Ptolemaic monarchy was the prominence of women (seven queens named Cleopatra and four Berenices), "

1
-
B
=
2
-
8
BERENICE
61
43
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
B
=
2
-
8
BERENICE
61
43
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
B
=
2
-
8
BERENICE
61
43
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
B
=
2
-
8
BERENICE
61
43
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
244
172
28
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+4+4
1+7+2
2+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1

 

 

B
=
2
-
8
BERENICE
61
43
7
P
=
7
-
7
PTOLEMY
106
34
7
C
=
3
-
9
CLEOPATRA
91
37
1

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
SHABTI
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
23
-
6
SHABTI
59
32
23
-
-
2+3
-
-
-
5+9
3+2
2+3
-
-
5
-
6
SHABTI
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
5
-
6
SHABTI
5
5
5

 

 

THE RISE AND FALL OF ANCIENT EGYPT

The History of a Civilisation from 3000 BC to Cleopatra

Toby Wilkinson 2010

END OF INNOCENCE (2175-1541 BC)

PARADISE POSTPONED


Page 155

O shabti, detailed to (serve) me ... if I am summoned or if I am detailed to do any work which is to be done in the afterlife ... you shall detail yourself to me every time, (whether) for maintaining the fields, irrigating the banks or ferrying sand from east to west. 'Look, here I am', you shall say.'
When it came to life after death, a shabti was the perfect insurance policy.

Truth will out
One final, crucial aspect of the afterlife adventure also made its first appearance in the years following the collapse of the Old Kingdom. Like the Coffin Texts, magical objects and servant figurines, the concept of a last judgement reflected the mixture of hope and fear that beset the ancient Egyptians in their musings about life after death. Perhaps more than any other feature of Egyptian religion, the idea of a final, inevitable reckoning before a divine judge had a profound and lasting impact on the subsequent development of pharaonic beliefs. Unlike hedgehogs, hippos and shabtis, the last judgement was picked up by other religious traditions of the Near East as well notably Christianity.
The imaginary geography of The Book of Two Ways began with the Island of Fire, where the wicked were consumed in flames but the good were provided with refreshing water for their arduous journey through the underworld. The concept of 'trial by fire' is an ancient one, but this relatively simplistic notion of judgement — whereby the unrighteous dead were separated from the righteous by means of /Page 156/ a single, swift test — was itself to be refined in the flames of social. change. Once again, the shattered illusions that accompanied thie break-up of the Egyptian state proved a fertile breeding ground for new ideas. In troubled times, death came to be seen not as a transition to another dimension of creation, but as a discontinuiry, a break that might prove terminal. Whether an individual achieved rebirth as a divine being or suffered a second death depended on his or her own actions during life. The literary text known as The Instruction for Merikara, purportedly composed by a Herakleopolitan king, summed up this new belief:

When a man remains after passing away,

His deeds are set alongside him . . .

He who reaches (the next life) without wrongdoings

Will exist there like a god . . . 3

In this scheme of things, virtue was no longer enough: it had to be accompanied by freedom from vice. In inscriptions of the period, the boastfulness and bombast typical of Old Kingdom autobiographies are joined for the first time by notes of doubt and defensiveness. A man might enumerate his many qualities and achievements but also take pains to state 'I never spoke a falsehood against any living person'.4 The 'negative confession', a declaration not to have committed a prescribed list of wrongful acts, became an essential component of the judgement process.
Vindication before the divine tribunal required more, however, than a mere denial of wrong doing. It involved a fundamental assessment of a person's true worth, a weighing of their good and bad deeds in order to arrive at a balanced judgement of their character. Only those who passed this 'calculation of differences' were deemed fit to join Osiris and live for ever. On his stela from Abdju, the Eleventh Dynasty general Intef confidently proclaims that 'his voice is true in the calculation of differences'. In other words, he has been justified and found worthy of resurrection as a transfigured spirit. From such tentative beginnings, the concept of judgement rapidly acquired a central place in Egyptian funerary religion, to the extent that the term 'true of voice' became the most common euphemism for 'deceased'. In a society as / Page 157/ obsessed with bureaucracy and accountancy as ancient Egypt, it is perhaps not surprising that theologians imagined the weighing of a' poison's worth taking place on a giant set of goldsmith's scales. The accuracy of the balance perfectly expressed the unerring judgement of the divine tribunal. A spell from the Coffin Texts describes the scales as 'that balance of Ra on which Maat is lifted up',5 indicating that the judgement is authorised by Ra himself, god of the sun and of creation, and that the deeds of the deceased are to be weighed against Maat, the goddess of truth. In this ultimate assessment, there was no room for cheating. The outcome of the judgement process was visualised as a division of the deceased between the justified and the unjust, `numbering the dead and counting the blessed spirits'.6 The differing fates of the two groups were crystal clear.
With eternal survival at stake in the last judgement, the fevered Egyptian imagination swung into action. Conceiving further hurdles hand in hand with the means of overcoming them seems to have given the ancient Egyptians the courage to face the uncertainties of death. In the case of judgement before the tribunal, the greatest danger was that one's own heart — seat of the intellect, fount of emotion and storehouse of memories — might decide to bear false witness and so tip the balance against a favorable verdict. To counter this awful risk, powerful magic was required. Somehow, the heart had to be prevented from blurting out untruths (or hidden truths) that might seal its owner's fate. The ingenious solution was a new type of amulet, first introduced into burials in the late Middle Kingdom. It took the familiar shape of a scarab beetle, a potent symbol of rebirth (because young beetles hatch from a ball of dung, emblematic of death and decay). But unlike the usual scarab amulets it had a human head and was engraved with a protective spell, addressed to the heart. After the body had undergone mummification, the 'heart scarab' was placed over the heart, with clear instructions as to how the organ should behave at the moment of truth:

Do not stand up against me

Do not witness against me,

Do not oppose me in the tribunal,

Do not incline against me ... 7

Page 158

158
In time the heart itself came to stand for the deceased and his deeds, and the pictorial representation of the 'weighing of the heart' against the feather of Truth became an essential image for inclusion on a funerary papyrus, an encapsulation of the final judgement. It remains one of the most instantly recognisable, characteristic and evocative scenes from the entire repertoire of ancient Egyptian art.
And the concept of a 'dreadful day of judgement, when the secrets of all hearts shall be disclosed' is still with us, four thousand years later.

 

 

Page 156

“Vindication before the divine tribunal required more, however, than a mere denial of wrong doing. It involved a fundamental assessment of a person's true worth, a weighing of their good and bad deeds in order to arrive at a balanced judgement of their character. Only those who passed this 'calculation of differences' were deemed fit to join Osiris and live for ever. On his stela from Abdju, the Eleventh Dynasty general Intef confidently proclaims that 'his voice is true in the calculation of differences'. In other words, he has been justified and found worthy of resurrection as a transfigured spirit.”

'his voice is true in the calculation of differences'

 

HIS VOICE IS TRUE IN THE CALCULATION OF DIFFERENCES

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
H
=
8
-
3
HIS
36
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
V
=
4
-
5
VOICE
54
27
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
4
TRUE
64
19
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
11
CALCULATION
111
39
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
11
DIFFERENCES
94
58
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
47
-
43
First Total
464
212
41
-
2
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+7
-
4+3
Add to Reduce
4+6+4
2+1+2
4+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
11
-
7
Second Total
14
5
5
-
2
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+1
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
7
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
2
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
4
5
6
9
H
=
8
-
3
HIS
36
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
V
=
4
-
5
VOICE
54
27
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
4
TRUE
64
19
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
C
=
3
-
11
CALCULATION
111
39
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
11
DIFFERENCES
94
58
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
47
-
43
First Total
464
212
41
-
2
6
4
5
6
18
-
-
4+7
-
4+3
Add to Reduce
4+6+4
2+1+2
4+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
11
-
7
Second Total
14
5
5
-
2
6
4
5
6
9
-
-
1+1
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
7
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
2
6
4
5
6
9

 

 

ATUM

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
8
TOTALITY
87
42
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
3
AND
23
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
12
NONEXISTENCE
79
25
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
8
-
23
-
288
99
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
4
ATUM
55
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
5
MEANS
52
16
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
B
=
2
-
4
BOTH
45
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
16
-
15
-
180
54
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
24
-
38
First Total
468
153
36
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
14
8
9
-
-
2+4
-
3+8
Add to Reduce
4+6+8
1+5+3
3+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
6
-
11
Second Total
18
18
18
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+1
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
1+8
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
5
8
9

 

 

KEEPER OF GENESIS

A QUEST FOR THE HIDDEN LEGACY OF MANKIND

Robert Bauval Graham Hancock 1996

Page 254

"...Is there in any sense an interstellar Rosetta Stone?

We believe there is a common language that all technical civilizations, no matter how different, must have.

That common language is science and mathematics.

The laws of Nature are the same everywhere:..."

 

R
=
9
-
7
ROSETTA
98
26
8
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
19
1
-
-
10
-
12
Add to Reduce
171
45
9
-
-
1+0
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+7+1
4+5
-
Q
-
1
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

"...Is there in any sense an interstellar Rosetta Stone?

 

 

THE RISE AND FALL OF ANCIENT EGYPT

The History of a Civilisation from 3000 BC to Cleopatra

Toby Wilkinson 2010

CHANGE AND DECAY (1069-30 BC)

THE LONG GOODBYE

Page 480

Rebellion!

The Ptolemies may have sought to project an image of divine authority, but their view of themselves as benevolent rulers was by no means universally shared. After only two generations of Greek rule, elements of the Egyptian population decided to vent their frustration at the punitive economic policies imposed by their foreign masters. In 245, Ptolemy III was forced to break off his campaigning during the Third Syrian War to deal with a native revolt. It was a minor and short-lived insurrection, but the harbinger of worse to come. Resentment festered for another three decades, kept at bay by the Ptolemies' machinery of repression.
Ironically, the last straw was a famous military victory. In 217, after a Fourth Syrian War had been raging for two years, the forces of Ptolemaic Egypt and the Seleucid Kingdom had reached a decisive moment and faced each other across the border near the town of Raphia. To finance the war effort, Ptolemy IV (221-204) had increased taxes still further, imposing a heavy burden on an already hard-pressed population. He had also put aside the Ptolemies' longstanding contempt 'for non-Greek soldiers by recruiting a large force of Egyptian troops (albeit armed in Macedonian style). On the eve of battle he addressed his forces, acting the part of a traditional pharaoh, but the pretence fooled nobody, especially as he had to use an interpreter to translate from Greek into Egyptian. The Battle of Raphia /Page 481/ resulted in a narrow Ptolemaic victory, and Ptolemy IV had himself immortalised on the walls of Egyptian temples as a war hero and 'ruler of Syria'.2 It was the last time a Ptolemy would display such confidence in his own sovereignty. Armed and battle-hardened, the twenty thousand Egyptian troops seized the opportunity to mutiny, feeding a widespread revolt throughout the Delta. Peasants left their villages in droves and lived as outlaws, roaming the countryside. Bandits attacked a Greek garrison and an Egyptian temple, both symbols of repression. The Macedonian and Seleucid kings offered their assistance to Ptolemy IV, putting aside their dynastic rivalry in face of this native insurrection, but to little effect. Within a few years, civil war raged through Lower Egypt.
Encouraged by the unrest in the north, the citizens of Thebes were the next to rebel. Ever since the fall of the New Kingdom, Upper Egypt in general and the Theban region in particular had harboured secessionist tendencies. The attitude of the Ptolemies, who rarely strayed beyond their northern power base, merely exacerbated Theban resentment at being ruled from distant Alexandria. Sensing the native threat, Ptolemy IV ordered construction to begin of a vast new temple to Horus at Djeba (Greek Apollonos polis, modern Edfu), in the far south of Egypt. But it was too little, too late. A contemporary text (the so-called 'Demotic Chronicle') lambasted the Ptolemaic rulers, accusing them of ignoring mast, and prophesied that a native king would rise up to overthrow the foreigners.
The prophecy was soon fulfilled. In206, a charismatic rebel leader won an initial victory against the state's forces. Within a few months, after taking the sacred city of Thebes, he was proclaimed pharaoh and given official recognition by the priesthood of Amun. Horwennefer, `beloved of Amun-Ra, king of the gods', began his reign in the autumn of zo5. From' Abdju (Greek Abydos) in the north to Inerty (Greek Pathyris) in the south, Upper Egypt was once again under native rule. Land records were destroyed, the hated tax regime suspended and Greeks forced from their homes. Ptolemaic rule was in retreat. For a brief, heady moment, it looked as if the Nile Valley might wrest itself free from foreign domination, as it had at other turning points in its history.

Page 482

The Ptolemies thought otherwise. At the end of 200, a new king in. Alexandria, Ptolemy V (204-I80), launched his counter-offensive. Greek troops marched southwards from their bases in the Delta and the Fayum. By early 199 they had recaptured Ptolemais and as summer turned to autumn they laid siege to the sacred site of Abdju. Having seized the cult centre of the god Osiris-Wennefer from the rebel leader named after him, they pressed on to Thebes, there to win a further victory. Pessimism among the freedom fighters turned to despair as they lost first their capital, then their leader. Horwennefer's death in mid-autumn 199 might have spelled the end of Theban resistance, but a successor, Ankhwennefer, quickly filled his shoes, continuing the same sequence of regnal years as if nothing had happened. However, with Ptolemaic forces in control of Thebes and another major Greek garrison dug in at Syene (modern Aswan), Ankhwennefer's options were severely limited. Daringly, he chose to march northwards, perhaps using the desert routes, and targeted the province of Sauty (Greek Lykopolis), 190 miles north of Thebes. By inflicting maximum damage, plundering towns and disrupting the normal workings of the rural economy, Ankhwennefer's plan was to isolate the Ptolemaic troops occupying Thebes, deprive them of supplies and cut their lines of communication with Alexandria. It was a bold move, and a successful one. Before long, the Ptolemaic army was forced to abandon Thebes and retreat southwards. The rebel forces were back in the game.
Frustrated by the degree of opposition in Upper Egypt, Ptolemy V decided to direct his firepower against the Delta rebels. In 197, his army besieged their fortified and well-stocked headquarters. In the end, the insurgents' idealism proved no match for the superior strength and weaponry of the Ptolemaic forces. The town was captured and the ringleaders of the uprising were brought to Memphis, there to suffer public execution by impalement as part of Ptolemy's coronation festivities. This highly charged occasion on 26 March 196, mixing politics and religion in characteristically Egyptian style, was duly commemorated in a great royal decree, inscribed in the country's two languages (Egyptian and Greek) and three scripts (hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek). This Decree of Memphis survives to this day, more famously known as the Rosetta Stone.

 

R
=
9
-
7
ROSETTA
98
26
8
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
19
1
-
-
10
-
12
Add to Reduce
171
45
9
-
-
1+0
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+7+1
4+5
-
Q
-
1
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

This highly charged occasion on 26 March 196, mixing politics and religion in characteristically Egyptian style, was duly commemorated in a great royal decree, inscribed in the country's two languages (Egyptian and Greek) and three scripts (hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek). This Decree of Memphis survives to this day, more famously known as the Rosetta Stone.

 

D
=
4
-
6
DECREE
40
31
4
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
M
=
4
-
7
MEMPHIS
83
38
2
-
-
14
-
15
Add to Reduce
144
81
9
-
-
1+4
-
1+5
Reduce to Deduce
1+4+4
8+1
-
Q
-
5
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

H
=
8
-
12
HIEROGLYPHIC
135
81
9
D
-
4
-
7
DEMOTIC
69
33
6
G
=
7
-
5
GREEK
46
28
1

 

Page 4

PROLOGUE

By curious coincidence, the breakthrough by which ancient Egyptian writing had been first deciphered, opening up the study of pharaonic civilisation through its numerous inscriptions, had occurred exactly a century before. In 1822, the French scholar Jean-Francois Champollion published his famous Lettre a M. Dewier, in which he correctly described the workings of the hieroglyphic writing system and identified the phonetic values of many important signs. This turning point in the history of Egyptology was itself the result of a long period of study. As a boy, Champollion's interest in ancient Egyptian writing had been prompted when he first learned about the Rosetta Stone. A royal proclamation inscribed in three scripts (Greek, demotic and hieroglyphic), the stone had been discovered by Napoleonic troops at el-Rashid (Rosetta) during the French invasion of 1798, when Champollion was eight years old, and it was to provide one of the main keys to decipherment. Champollion's early genius for languages enabled him to become proficient in Greek and, crucially, Coptic, the liturgical language of the Egyptian Orthodox Church and a direct descendant of ancient Egyptian. Armed with this knowledge, and with a transcription of the Rosetta Stone, Champollion correctly translated the hieroglyphic-version of the text and so began the process that was to unlock the secrets of ancient Egyptian history. His grammar and dictionary of the ancient Egyptian language, published posthumously, /Page 5/ At the same time that Champollion was working on the mysteries of the ancient Egyptian language, an Englishman, John Gardner Wilkinson, was making an equally important contribution to the study of pharaonic civilisation. Born a year before Napoleon's invasion, Wilkinson travelled to Egypt at the age of twenty-four and stayed for the next twelve years, visiting virtually every known site, copying countless tomb scenes and inscriptions, and carrying out the most comprehensive study of pharaonic monuments yet undertaken. (For a year, in 1828-9, Wilkinson and Champollion were both in Egypt, travelling and recording, but it is not known if the two ever met.) On his return to England in 1833, Wilkinson began compiling the results of his work and published them four years later: the three-volume Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, together with the two-volume Modern Egypt and Thebes (1843), was and remains the greatest review of ancient Egyptian civilisation ever accomplished.
Wilkinson became the most famous and most honoured Egyptologist of his age, and is regarded, with Champollion, as one of the founders of the subject.

 

 

THE RISE AND FALL OF ANCIENT EGYPT

The History of a Civilisation from 3000 BC to Cleopatra

Toby Wilkinson 2010

King of Kings

Page 331

Nowhere is Ramesses's taste for the theatrical and self-reverential better demonstrated than in the 'Temple of Ramesses-beloved of /Amun' (modern Abu Simbel) in lLower Nubia.

 

Page 88

"The LUXOR TEMPLE, dedicated to AMEN in th form of the ithyphallic god MIN"

 

AMEN THE NAME

 

-
MIN
-
-
-
-
M
13
4
4
-
I
9
9
9
-
N
14
5
5
3
MIN
36
18
18
-
-
3+6
1+8
1+8
3
MIN
9
9
9

 

 

THE RISE AND FALL OF ANCIENT EGYPT

The History of a Civilisation from 3000 BC to Cleopatra

Toby Wilkinson 2010

Page XIV

EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD 2950-2575

Unification of Egypt

Narmer

 

N
=
5
-
6
NARMER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
R
18
9
9
N
=
5
-
6
NARMER
69
33
33
-
-
-
-
-
-
6+9
3+3
3+3
N
=
5
-
6
NARMER
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
N
=
5
-
6
NARMER
6
6
6

 

R NAME R

 

N
=
5
-
6
NARMER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
R
18
9
9
N
=
5
-
6
NARMER
69
33
33
-
-
-
-
-
-
6+9
3+3
3+3
N
=
5
-
6
NARMER
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
N
=
5
-
6
NARMER
6
6
6

 

R NAME R

 

N
=
5
-
6
NARMER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
N+A+M+E
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
R
18
9
9
N
=
5
-
6
NARMER
69
33
33
-
-
-
-
-
-
6+9
3+3
3+3
N
=
5
-
6
NARMER
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
N
=
5
-
6
NARMER
6
6
6

 

R NAME R

 

NARMER N RAM E R NARMER

 

R
=
9
-
3
RAM
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
M
13
4
4
R
=
9
-
3
RAM
32
14
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+2
1+4
1+4
R
=
9
-
3
RAM
15
5
5

 

 

R
=
9
-
3
RAM
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
A+M
14
5
5
R
=
9
-
3
RAM
32
14
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+2
1+4
1+4
R
=
9
-
3
RAM
5
5
5

 

M
=
4
-
5
MENES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
S
19
10
1
M
=
4
-
5
MENES
56
29
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+6
2+9
2+0
M
=
4
-
5
MENES
11
11
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
-
M
=
4
-
5
MENES
2
2
2

 

 

M
=
4
-
5
MENES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
19
10
1
-
-
-
-
-
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
N
14
5
5
M
=
4
-
5
MENES
56
29
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+6
2+9
2+0
M
=
4
-
5
MENES
11
11
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
-
M
=
4
-
5
MENES
2
2
2

 

 

Menes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the Pharaoh. For the H. P. Lovecraft character, see The Cats of Ulthar. For the Macedonian general, see Menes of Pella. For the Romanian village of Miniş, called Ménes in Hungarian, see Ghioroc.

Menes

Africanus: Mênês
Eusebius: Mênês
The cartouche of Menes on the Abydos King List
The cartouche of Menes on the Abydos King List

Pharaoh

Successor
Hor-Aha?

Menes (/ˈmiːniːz/; Egyptian: Mnj, probably pronounced */maˈnij/;[5] Ancient Greek: Μήνης;[4] Arabic: مينا‎) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the early dynastic period, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt, and as the founder of the first dynasty (Dynasty I).[6]

The identity of Menes is the subject of ongoing debate, although mainstream Egyptological consensus identifies Menes with the protodynastic pharaoh Narmer[1][2][3] (most likely) or first dynasty Hor-Aha.[7] Both pharaohs are credited with the unification of Egypt, to different degrees by various authorities.

The commonly used Menes derives from Manetho, an Egyptian historian and priest who lived during the Ptolemaic period. Manetho used the name in the form Μήνης (transliterated: Mênês).[4][8] An alternative Greek form, Μιν (transliterated: Min), was cited by the 5th-century BCE historian Herodotus,[9] a variant no longer considered the result of contamination from the name of the god Min.[10]

The Egyptian form, Meni, is taken from the Turin and Abydos king lists (dated Dynasty XIX).

The name, Menes, means "He who endures", which, Edwards (1971) suggests, may have been coined as "a mere descriptive epithet denoting a semi-legendary hero [...] whose name had been lost".[4] Rather than a particular person, the name may conceal collectively the protodynastic pharaohs Ka, Scorpion and Narmer.[4]

§Narmer and Menes[edit]

Main article: Narmer

The almost complete absence of any mention of Menes in the archaeological record,[4] and the comparative wealth of evidence of Narmer, a protodynastic figure credited by posterity and in the archaeological record with a firm claim[2] to the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, has given rise to a theory identifying Menes with Narmer.

The chief archaeological reference to Menes is an ivory label from Naqada which shows the royal Horus-name Aha (the pharaoh Hor-Aha) next to a building, within which is the royal nebty-name mn,[11] generally taken to be Menes.[4][a] From this, various theories on the nature of the building (a funerary booth or a shrine), the meaning of the word mn (a name or the verb endures) and the relationship between Hor-Aha and Menes (as one person or as successive pharaohs) have arisen.[1]

The Turin and Abydos king lists, generally accepted to be correct,[1] list the nebty-names of the pharaohs, not their Horus-names,[2] and are vital to the potential reconciliation of the various records: the nebty-names of the king lists, the Horus-names of the archaeological record and the number of pharaohs in Dynasty I according to Manetho and other historical sources.[2]

Petrie first attempted this task,[2] associating Iti with Djer as the third pharaoh of Dynasty I, Teti (Turin) (or another Iti (Abydos)) with Hor-Aha as second pharaoh, and Menes (a nebty-name) with Narmer (a Horus-name) as first pharaoh of Dynasty I.[1][2] Lloyd (1994) finds this succession "extremely probable",[2] and Cervelló-Autuori (2003) categorically states that "Menes is Narmer and the First Dynasty begins with him".[3] However, Seidlmayer (2004) states that it is "a fairly safe inference" that Menes was Hor-Aha.[7]

§Dates[edit]

Egyptologists, archaeologists and scholars from the 19th century have proposed different dates for the era of Menes, or the date of the first dynasty:[12][b]
Jean-François Champollion (1840) – 5867 BC
August Böckh (1845) – 5702 BC
Auguste Mariette (1871) – 5004 BC
Flinders Petrie (1887) – 4777 BC
Heinrich Karl Brugsch (1859) – 4455 BC
Franz Joseph Lauth (1869) – 4157 BC
Karl Richard Lepsius (1856) – 3892 BC
Christian Charles Josias Bunsen (1848) – 3623 BC
Reginald Stuart Poole (1851) – 2717 BC
James Strong (1878) – 2515 BC
John Gardner Wilkinson (1835) – 2320 BC

Modern consensus dates the era of Menes or the start of the first dynasty between c. 3100–3050 BC; some academic literature uses c. 3000 BC.[13]

§History[edit]

By 500 BC mythical and exaggerated claims had made Menes a cultural hero, and most of what is known of him comes from a much later time.[14]

Ancient tradition ascribed to Menes the honor of having united Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom,[15] and becoming the first pharaoh of Dynasty I.[16]

However, his name does not appear on extant pieces of the Royal Annals (Cairo Stone and Palermo Stone), which is a now-fragmentary king's list that was carved onto a stela during the Fifth dynasty. He typically appears in later sources as the first human ruler of Egypt, directly inheriting the throne from the god Horus.[17] He also appears in other, much later, king's lists, always as the first human pharaoh of Egypt. Menes also appears in demotic novels of the Graeco-Roman Period, demonstrating that, even that late, he was regarded as important figure.[18]

Menes was seen as a founding figure for much of the history of Ancient Egypt, similar to Romulus in Ancient Rome.[19]

Manetho records that Menes "led the army across the frontier and won great glory".[8][16]

§Capital[edit]

Manetho associates the city of Thinis with the first dynasties (Dynasty I and Dynasty II) and, in particular, Menes, a "Thinite" or native of Thinis.[8][16] Herodotus contradicts Manetho in stating that Menes founded the city of Memphis as his capital[20] after diverting the course of the River Nile through the construction of a dyke.[21] Manetho ascribes the building of Memphis to Menes' son, Athothis,[16] and calls no pharaohs earlier than Dynasty III "Memphite".[22] Herodotus and Manetho's stories of the foundation of Memphis are probably later inventions: in 2012 a relief mentioning the visit of Memphis by Iry-Hor --a predynastic ruler of Upper Egypt reigning before Namer-- was discovered in Sinai, indicating that the city was already in existence in the early 32nd century BC.[23]

§Cultural influence[edit]

Diodorus Siculus stated that Menes had introduced the worship of the gods and the practice of sacrifice[24] as well as a more elegant and luxurious style of living.[24] For this latter invention, Menes' memory was dishonoured by the Dynasty XXIV pharaoh Tefnakht, and Plutarch mentions a pillar at Thebes on which was inscribed an imprecation against Menes as the introducer of luxury.[24]

In Pliny's account, Menes was credited with being the inventor of writing in Egypt.

§Crocodile episode[edit]

Diodorus Siculus recorded a story of Menes,[25] related by the priests of the crocodile-god Sobek at Crocodilopolis, in which the pharaoh Menes, attacked by his own dogs while out hunting,[26] fled across Lake Moeris on the back of a crocodile and, in thanks, founded the city of Crocodilopolis.[26][27]

Faber (1816), taking the word campsa to mean either crocodile or ark and preferring the latter, identifies Menes with Noah and the entire story as a deluge myth.[28]

Edwards (1974) states that "the legend, which is obviously filled with anachronisms, is patently devoid of historical value",[27] but Maspero (1910), while acknowledging the possibility that traditions relating to other kings may have become mixed up with this story, dismisses the suggestions of some commentators[24] that the story should be transferred to the Dynasty XII pharaoh Amenemhat III and sees no reason to doubt that Diodorus did not correctly record a tradition of Menes.[26]

§Death[edit]

According to Manetho, Menes reigned for 62 years and was killed by a hippopotamus.[8][16]

 

Menes | biography - king of Egypt | Encyclopedia Britannica

www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/374923/Menes

Menes, also spelled Mena, Meni, or Min (flourished c. 2925 bce), first king of unified Egypt, who, according to ancient tradition, joined Upper and Lower Egypt in ...

 

M
=
4
-
5
MENES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
S
19
10
1
M
=
4
-
5
MENES
56
29
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+6
2+9
2+0
M
=
4
-
5
MENES
11
11
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
-
M
=
4
-
5
MENES
2
2
2

 

 

M
=
4
-
5
MENES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
M+S
32
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
E
5
5
5
M
=
4
-
5
MENES
56
29
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
5+6
2+9
2+0
M
=
4
-
5
MENES
11
11
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
-
M
=
4
-
5
MENES
2
2
2

 

 

-
MIN
-
-
-
-
M
13
4
4
-
I
9
9
9
-
N
14
5
5
3
MIN
36
18
18
-
-
3+6
1+8
1+8
3
MIN
9
9
9

 

 

Daily Mail, Saturday, April 29, 2017

Page 42

Is this stone proof an asteroid wiped out a civilisation just like ours 13,000 years ago?

...and does it vindicate the maverick scholar who says a giant meteriorite will destroy us in 2,030

by Christopher Stevens

Page 42

Sci-fi author Arthur C. Clarke famously said that, 'any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic'.

 

 

A
=
1
-
3
ANY
40
13
4
S
=
1
-
12
SUFFICIENTLY
149
59
5
A
=
1
-
8
ADVANCED
54
27
9
T
=
2
-
10
TECHNOLOGY
124
52
7
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
19
1
I
=
9
-
17
INDISTINGUISHABLE
182
83
2
F
=
6
-
4
FROM
52
25
7
M
=
4
-
5
MAGIC
33
24
6
-
-
33
4
61
First Total
662
293
41
-
-
3+3
-
6+1
Add to Reduce
6+6+2
2+9+3
4+1
Q
-
6
-
7
Second Total
14
14
5
-
-
-
-
4
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
6
5
7
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

THE QUEST FOR THE SECRET FORCE OF THE UNIVERSE

Lynne McTaggart 2001

LIGHT IN THE DARKNESS

Page III

"Physics may be about to face a revolution similar to that which occurred just a century ago. . .

Arthur C. Clarke, 'When Will the Real Space Age Begin?'

If an angel was to tell us about his philosophy. . .

many of his statements might well sound like 2x2 = 13"

Georg Christophe Lichtenburg, Aphorisms

 

Page 13 "Subatomic particles had no meaning as isolated entities but could only be understood in their realationships. The world at its most basic, existed as a complex web of interdependant relationships, forever indivisible"

 

 

THE LOST WORLDS OF 2001

Arthur C. Clarke

1972

Page179

"A long time ago," said Kaminski, "I came across a remark that I've never forgotten-though I can't remember who made it.

'Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.'

That's what we're up against here. Our lasers and mesotrons and nuclear reactors and neutrino telescopes would have seemed pure magic to the best scientists of the nineteenth century. But they could have understood how they worked-more or less-if we were around to explain the theory to them."

 Page 189

"The other is Clarke's Third* Law

"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic"

 

"ANY SUFFICIENTLY ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IS INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM MAGIC"

 

 

GODS OF THE DAWN

Peter Lemesurier

1997

Page 76

"As Arthur C. Clarke's perceptive Third Law puts it:

"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic."

 

 

THE SECRET HISTORY

OF

ANCIENT EGYPT

Herbie Brennan 2000

(Oppositte) Page 1

"any sufficiently high technology is indistinguishable from magic"

Page 124

SCIENCE OR MAGIC?

"The British science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke is said to have commented that

any sufficiently high technology is indistinguishable from magic"

 

 

THE BIBLE CODE

Michael Drosnin 1997

Chapter Four

THE SEALED BOOK  

Page 70

"The astronomer Carl Sagan once noted that if there was other intelligent life in the universe some of it would have certainly evolved far earlier than we did, and had thousands, or hundreds of thousands, or millions, or hundreds of millions of years to develop the advanced technology that we are only now beginning to develop.

'After billions of years of biological evolution - on their planet and ours - an alien civilization cannot be in technological lockstep with us,' wrote Sagan.

'There 'have been humans for more than twenty thousand centuries, but we've had radio only for about one century,' wrote Sagan. 'If alien civilizations are behind us, they're likely to be too far behind us to have radio. And if they're ahead of us, they're likely to be far ahead of us. Think of the technical advances on our world over just the last few centuries. What is for us technologically difficult or impossible, what might seem to us like magic, might for them be trivially easy.'

The author of 2001, Arthur C. Clarke - who envisioned a mysterious black monolith that reappears at successive stages of human evolution, each time we are ready to be taken to a higher level - made a similar observation:

'Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.'

Page 163

CHAPTER NOTES,

pages 69-75

"The astronomer Carl Sagan suggested that an advanced alien technology 'might seem to us like magic' in Pale Blue Dot (Random House, 1994), p. 352.

The author of 2001, Arthur C. Clarke, made a similar observation: 'Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic' (Profiles of the Future, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1984).

Paul Davies' imagined 'alien artifact' is described in his book Are We Alone? (Basic Books, 1995), p. 42. Stanley Kubrick, in his famous movie version of Clarke's 2001, showed a mysterious black monolith that seemed to reappear at successive stages of human evolution, each time we were ready to be taken to a higher level. When I told him about the Bible code, Kubrick's immediate reaction was, 'It's like the monolith in 2001.' "

REACTION CREATION

 

 

FIRST CONTACT

THE SEARCH FOR EXTRA TERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE

Edited By

Ben Bova and Byron Preiss

1990

SEIZING THE MOMENT

A UNIQUE MOMENT IN HUMAN HISTORY

Michael Michaud

 ANTHROPOCENTRISM GOOD-BYE

Page 311

The most profound message from the aliens may never be spoken: We are not alone or unique. Contact would tell us that life and intelligence have evolved elsewhere in the Universe, and that they may be common by-products of cosmic evolution. Contact would tend to confirm the theory that life evolves chemically from inanimate matter, through universal processes, implying that there are other alien civilizations in addition to the one we had detected. We might see ourselves as just one example of biocosmic processes, one facet of the Universe becoming aware of itself. We would undergo a revolution in the way that we conceive our own position in the Universe; any remaining pretense of centrality or a special role, any belief that we are a chosen species would be dashed forever, completing the process begun by Copernicus four centuries ago.

The revelation that we are not the most technologically advanced intelligent species could lead to a humbling deflation of our sense of self-importance. We might reclassify ourselves to a lower level of ability and worth. This leveling of our pretensions, this anti-hubris, could be intensified if we were confronted with alien technology beyond our understanding.

(Arthur C. Clarke has observed that any sufficiently advanced technology would be indistinguishable from magic.)

"ANY SUFFICIENTLY ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY IS INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM MAGIC"

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
-
3
ANY
40
13
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
12
SUFFICIENTLY
149
59
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
8
ADVANCED
54
27
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
-
10
TECHNOLOGY
124
52
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IS
28
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
17
INDISTINGUISHABLE
182
83
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
4
FROM
52
25
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
5
MAGIC
33
24
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
33
-
61
First Total
662
293
41
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
14
8
9
-
-
3+3
-
6+1
Add to Reduce
6+6+2
2+9+3
4+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
6
-
7
Second Total
14
14
5
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
7
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
5
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THIRD LAW
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
5
THIRD
59
32
5
L
=
3
--
3
LAW
36
9
9
-
-
5
-
8
THIRD LAW
95
41
14
-
-
--
-
--
-
9+5
4+1
1+4
--
--
5
--
8
-THIRD LAW
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
--
--
5
--
8
THIRD LAW
5
5
5

 

 

F
=
6
--
8
FOURTEEN
104
41
5
-
-
--
-
--
-
1+0+4
4+1
-
F
=
6
--
8
FOURTEEN
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
F
=
6
--
8
FOURTEEN
5
5
5

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

NUMBER

9

THE SEARCH FOR THE SIGMA CODE

Cecil Balmond 1998

Preface to the New Edition

Page 5
Twelve years ago a little boy entered my imagination as he hopped across the centuries and played with numbers. I began to see how the simple architecture of our decimal system could be constructed in secret ways — not a building project this time but an abstract one. On the surface of our arithmetic countless combinations of numbers take part in tedious and exacting calculations but underneath it all there is pattern, governed by a repeating code of integers. The Sigma Code reduces numbers to a single digit and the illusion of the many is seen to be but the reflection of a few. This is not a book on maths: this is a book for anyone who can carry out simple sums in their heads, and who won't be short-changed knowingly.
When Number 9 first came out I received mail from many who played with numbers. They chased patterns; some had special numbers and even mystical systems. I was tempted to write about numerology but resisted. I wanted to write about the intricacy of what the.. numbers actually do and leave the reader to wonder about the larger irrational that seems to hover around such constructions.
If I were writing this book today the numbers would have featured in a wider context of structuring nature's patterns, and also playing the role of animator in algorithms that create unique architectural forms and shapes. I would also include my previous research into other base systems. But this book was a first step which came from a child-like urge, like playing with building blocks, to build out of our numbers — just the simple 1, 2, 3, up to number 9.

 

RESEARCH R E SEARCH E R RESEARCH

 

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING NOW RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

 

NUMBER = 534259 = 1 = 534259 NUMBER

NUMBER = 234559 NUMBER

NUMBER = 534259 = 1 = 534259 NUMBER

 

 

NUMBERS = 5342591 = 2 = 5342591 NUMBERS

SBUMNER = 1234559 = SBUMNER

NUMBERS = 5342591 = 2 = 5342591 NUMBERS

 

-
-
-
-
Q
NUMBERS
-
Q
Q
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
7
8
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
7
8
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
8
-
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
7
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
7
8
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
7
8
-
-
-
29
4
7
NUMBERS
92
29
29
-
1
2
3
4
10
6
7
8
9
-
-
2+9
Q
-
Q
9+2
2+9
2+9
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
Q
-
11
-
7
NUMBERS
11
11
11
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+1
Q
-
Q
1+1
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
-
2
-
7
NUMBERS
2
2
2
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
9
-
-
-
-
Q
NUMBERS
-
Q
Q
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
29
4
7
NUMBERS
92
29
29
-
1
2
3
4
10
9
-
-
2+9
Q
-
Q
9+2
2+9
2+9
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
Q
-
11
-
7
NUMBERS
11
11
11
-
1
2
3
4
1
9
-
-
1+1
Q
-
Q
1+1
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
-
2
-
7
NUMBERS
2
2
2
-
1
2
3
4
1
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
3
-
-
-
-
Q
NUMBERS
-
Q
Q
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
N
=
5
-
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
29
4
7
NUMBERS
92
29
29
-
1
2
3
4
10
9
-
-
2+9
Q
-
Q
9+2
2+9
2+9
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
Q
-
11
-
7
NUMBERS
11
11
11
-
1
2
3
4
1
9
-
-
1+1
Q
-
Q
1+1
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Q
-
2
-
7
NUMBERS
2
2
2
-
1
2
3
4
1
9

 

 

THE

BALANCING

ONE TWO THREE FOUR

FIVE

NINE EIGHT SEVEN SIX

4 FIVE 42 24 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

15 ONE TWO THREE FOUR 208 82 1
4 FIVE 42 24 6
17 NINE EIGHT SEVEN SIX 208 91 1

1234 5 6789

 

 

ZERO = 64 = ZERO

ZERO = 28 = ZERO

ZERO = 10 = ZERO

ZERO = 1 = ZERO

 

GIVE ME THE 1
GIVE ME THE 88888888
GIVE ME THE 333
GIVE ME THE 666666
WHEN I GET THEM
THE 1
THE 8
THE 3
THE 6


I WILL SEND THEM ON WITH LOVE WITH WILL I SEND THEM ON

 

 

PROBLEMS - PROBLEMS

 
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
P
=
7
1
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
B
=
2
4
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
5
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
37
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
3+7
-
-
-
1+0+0
4+6
3+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
P
=
7
1
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
B
=
2
4
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
5
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
37
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
3+7
-
-
-
1+0+0
4+6
3+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
B
=
2
4
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
5
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
P
=
7
1
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
37
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
3+7
-
-
-
1+0+0
4+6
3+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS RE ARRANGED NUMERICALLY

 
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
S
=
1
8
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
4
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
5
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
7
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
6
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
O
=
6
3
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
P
=
7
1
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
37
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
-
-
3+7
-
-
-
1+0+0
4+6
3+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
8
PROBLEMS
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9

 

LETTERS RE ARRANGED NUMERICALLY

 

SOLVE PROBLEMS SOLVE

 
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
4
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
35
-
-
-
98
44
35
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
B
=
2
11
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
14
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
37
-
-
-
100
46
37
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
35
-
2
2
6
8
10
12
14
8
18
-
-
-
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
72
-
15
First Total
198
90
72
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
7+2
-
1+5
Add to Reduce
1+9+8
9+0
7+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
6
Second Total
18
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9

 

 
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
V
=
4
4
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
B
=
2
11
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
14
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
35
-
2
2
6
8
10
12
14
8
18
-
-
-
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
72
-
15
First Total
198
90
72
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
7+2
-
1+5
Add to Reduce
1+9+8
9+0
7+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
6
Second Total
18
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9

 

 
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
B
=
2
11
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
V
=
4
4
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
14
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
35
-
2
2
6
8
10
12
14
8
18
-
-
-
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
72
-
15
First Total
198
90
72
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
7+2
-
1+5
Add to Reduce
1+9+8
9+0
7+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
6
Second Total
18
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
8
9

 

LETTERS RE ARRANGED NUMERICALLY

 
7
SOLVING
98
44
8
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
S
=
1
1
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
15
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
11
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
3
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
12
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
V
=
4
4
1
V
22
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
14
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
13
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
O
=
6
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
G
=
7
7
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
P
=
7
8
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SOLVING
98
44
35
-
2
2
6
8
10
12
14
18
-
-
-
-
8
PROBLEMS
100
46
37
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+2
1+4
1+8
-
-
72
-
15
First Total
198
90
72
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
9
-
-
7+2
-
1+5
Add to Reduce
1+9+8
9+0
7+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
6
Second Total
18
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
2
2
6
8
1
3
5
9

 

 

EVOLVE LOVE EVOLVE

LOVE EVOLVE LOVE

EVOLVE REVOLVE EVOLVE

REVOLVE EVOLVE REVOLVE

SOLVE LOVES SOLVE

 

 

 

THE SCULPTURE OF VIBRATIONS 1971

 

 

 

 

prime number - Whatis Techtarget
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/prime-number
A prime number is a whole number greater than 1 whose only factors are 1 and itself. A factor is a whole numbers that can be divided evenly into another number. The first few prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 and 29.

 


Prime number - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_number

The first 25 prime numbers (all the prime numbers less than 100) are: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97 (sequence A000040 in the OEIS).
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, 1 × 5 or 5 × 1, involve 5 itself. However, 6 is composite because it is the product of two numbers (2 × 3) that are both smaller than 6. Primes are central in number theory because of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic: every natural number greater than 1 is either a prime itself or can be factorized as a product of primes that is unique up to their order.

There are infinitely many primes, as demonstrated by Euclid around 300 BC. No known simple formula separates prime numbers from composite numbers. However, the distribution of primes within the natural numbers in the large can be statistically modelled. The first result in that direction is the prime number theorem, proven at the end of the 19th century, which says that the probability of a randomly chosen number being prime is inversely proportional to its number of digits, that is, to its logarithm.
Several historical questions regarding prime numbers are still unsolved. These include Goldbach's conjecture, that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes, and the twin prime conjecture, that there are infinitely many pairs of primes having just one even number between them. Such questions spurred the development of various branches of number theory, focusing on analytic or algebraic aspects of numbers. Primes are used in several routines in information technology, such as public-key cryptography, which relies on the difficulty of factoring large numbers into their prime factors. In abstract algebra, objects that behave in a generalized way like prime numbers include prime elements and prime ideals.

Euclid's theorem is a fundamental statement in number theory that asserts that there are infinitely many prime numbers. There are several proofs of the theorem.

 

Prime numbers
www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/HistTopics/Prime_numbers.html
Euclid also showed that if the number 2n - 1 is prime then the number 2n-1(2n - 1) is a perfect number. The mathematician Euler (much later in 1747) was able to ...
Prime numbers

Number theory index History Topics Index

Version for printing

Prime numbers and their properties were first studied extensively by the ancient Greek mathematicians.
The mathematicians of Pythagoras's school (500 BC to 300 BC) were interested in numbers for their mystical and numerological properties. They understood the idea of primality and were interested in perfect and amicable numbers.
A perfect number is one whose proper divisors sum to the number itself. e.g. The number 6 has proper divisors 1, 2 and 3 and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, 28 has divisors 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 and 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28.
A pair of amicable numbers is a pair like 220 and 284 such that the proper divisors of one number sum to the other and vice versa.
You can see more about these numbers in the History topics article Perfect numbers.

By the time Euclid's Elements appeared in about 300 BC, several important results about primes had been proved. In Book IX of the Elements, Euclid proves that there are infinitely many prime numbers. This is one of the first proofs known which uses the method of contradiction to establish a result. Euclid also gives a proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic: Every integer can be written as a product of primes in an essentially unique way.

Euclid also showed that if the number 2n - 1 is prime then the number 2n-1(2n - 1) is a perfect number. The mathematician Euler (much later in 1747) was able to show that all even perfect numbers are of this form. It is not known to this day whether there are any odd perfect numbers.

In about 200 BC the Greek Eratosthenes devised an algorithm for calculating primes called the Sieve of Eratosthenes.

There is then a long gap in the history of prime numbers during what is usually called the Dark Ages.

 

PRIME NUMBERS

 

P
=
2
-
5
PRIME
61
34
7
N
=
2
-
7
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
17
-
12
Add to Reduce
153
72
9
-
-
1+7
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+5+3
7+2
-
-
-
8
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
P
=
2
-
5
PRIME
61
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
2
-
7
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
12
Add to Reduce
153
72
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
P
=
7
1
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
3
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
34
-
11
-
61
34
34
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
7
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
8
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
9
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
S
=
1
12
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
29
-
10
-
92
38
29
-
1
2
3
8
15
6
7
8
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
2+7
P
=
2
-
5
PRIME
61
34
7
-
1
2
3
8
6
6
7
8
9
N
=
2
-
7
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
12
Add to Reduce
153
72
9
-
1
2
3
8
6
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+7
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+5+3
7+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
8
6
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
P
=
2
-
5
PRIME
61
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
2
-
7
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
12
Add to Reduce
153
72
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
P
=
7
1
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
8
-
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
9
I
=
9
3
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
9
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
8
-
U
=
3
7
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
M
=
4
8
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
8
-
B
=
2
9
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
8
-
R
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
9
S
=
1
12
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
8
15
6
7
8
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
2+7
P
=
2
-
5
PRIME
61
34
7
-
1
2
3
8
6
6
7
8
9
N
=
2
-
7
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
12
Add to Reduce
153
72
9
-
1
2
3
8
6
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+7
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+5+3
7+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
8
6
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
P
=
2
-
5
PRIME
61
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
2
-
7
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
12
Add to Reduce
153
72
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
12
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
B
=
2
9
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
U
=
3
7
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
8
-
M
=
4
8
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
8
-
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
8
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
8
-
P
=
7
1
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
8
-
I
=
9
3
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
9
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
9
R
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
8
15
6
7
8
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
2+7
P
=
2
-
5
PRIME
61
34
7
-
1
2
3
8
6
6
7
8
9
N
=
2
-
7
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
12
Add to Reduce
153
72
9
-
1
2
3
8
6
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+7
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+5+3
7+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
8
6
6
7
8
9

 

6 +8 = 14 1+4 = 5

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
7
9
P
=
2
-
5
PRIME
61
34
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
2
-
7
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
12
Add to Reduce
153
72
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
7
9
S
=
1
12
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
9
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
7
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
8
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
M
=
4
4
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
E
=
5
10
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
P
=
7
1
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
I
=
9
3
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
2
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
8
15
7
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
2+7
P
=
2
-
5
PRIME
61
34
7
-
1
2
3
8
6
7
9
N
=
2
-
7
NUMBERS
92
38
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
12
Add to Reduce
153
72
9
-
1
2
3
8
6
7
9
-
-
1+7
-
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+5+3
7+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
3
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
8
6
7
9

 

 

I = 9 9 = I
ME = 9 9 = ME
BRAIN + BODY = 9 9 = BODY + BRAIN
LIGHT + DARK = 9 9 = DARK + LIGHT
ENERGY + MASS = 9 9 = MASS +ENERGY
MIND + MATTER = 9 9 = MATTER + MIND
MAGNETIC + FIELD = 9 9 = FIELD + MAGNETIC
POSITIVE + NEGATIVE = 9 9 = NEGATIVE + POSITIVE
973 OM AZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAOM 973

 

 

 

3
GOD
26
17
8
1
O
15
6
6
3
GOD
26
17
8
7
First Total
67
40
22
-
Add to Reduce
6+7
4+0
2+2
7
Second Total
13
4
4
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+3
-
-
7
Essence of Number
4
4
4

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
N
=
5
-
4
NAME
33
15
6
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
G
=
7
-
3
GOD
26
17
8
S
-
20
4
12
First Total
113
59
23
-
-
2+0
-
1+2
Add to Reduce
1+1+3
5+9
2+3
-
-
2
-
3
Second Total
5
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+4
-
-
-
2
-
3
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

THE LIGHT IS RISEN NOW RISEN IS THE LIGHT

 

 

2
GO
22
13
4
2
DO
19
10
1
4
GO-OD
41
23
5
8
First Total
82
46
10
-
Add to Reduce
8+2
4+6
1+0
8
Second Total
10
10
1
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
-
8
Essence of Number
1
1
1

 

 

3
GOD
26
17
8
2
GO
22
13
4
2
DO
19
10
1
4
GOOD
41
23
5
11
Add to Reduce
108
63
18
1+1
Reduce to Deduce
1+0+8
6+3
1+7
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

GOD GO DO GOOD

 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
11
GOD GO DO GOOD
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
G
=
7
-
1
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
-
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
3
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
-
-
26
17
17
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
4
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
-
5
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
-
-
22
13
13
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
6
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
7
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
-
-
-
19
10
10
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
-
8
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
-
9
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
11
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
-
-
-
-
41
23
23
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
63
-
4
11
GOD GO DO GOOD
108
63
63
-
1
2
3
12
5
18
7
2
2
-
-
6+3
-
-
1+1
-
1+0+8
6+3
6+3
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
1+8
-
-
-
Q
-
9
-
-
2
GOD GO DO GOOD
18
9
9
-
1
2
3
3
5
9
7
2
2

 

 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
11
GOD GO DO GOOD
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
G
=
7
-
1
1
G
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
-
7
-
7
8
9
O
=
6
-
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
2
3
-
6
6
-
8
9
D
=
4
-
3
1
D
4
4
4
-
1
2
3
4
4
-
-
8
9
G
=
7
-
4
1
G
7
7
5
-
1
2
3
-
5
-
7
8
9
O
=
6
-
5
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
2
3
-
6
6
-
8
9
D
=
4
-
6
1
D
4
4
4
-
1
2
3
4
4
-
-
8
9
O
=
6
-
7
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
2
3
-
6
6
-
8
9
G
=
7
-
8
1
G
7
7
5
-
1
2
3
-
5
-
7
8
9
O
=
6
-
9
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
2
3
-
6
6
-
8
9
O
=
6
-
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
2
3
-
6
6
-
8
9
D
=
4
-
11
1
D
4
4
4
-
1
2
3
4
4
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
63
-
4
11
GOD GO DO GOOD
108
63
63
-
1
2
3
12
5
18
7
2
2
-
-
6+3
-
-
1+1
-
1+0+8
6+3
6+3
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
1+8
-
-
-
Q
-
9
-
-
2
GOD GO DO GOOD
18
9
9
-
1
2
3
3
5
9
7
2
2

 

 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
11
GOD GO DO GOOD
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
D
=
4
-
3
1
D
4
4
4
-
1
2
3
4
4
-
-
8
9
D
=
4
-
6
1
D
4
4
4
-
1
2
3
4
4
-
-
8
9
D
=
4
-
11
1
D
4
4
4
-
1
2
3
4
4
-
-
8
9
O
=
6
-
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
2
3
-
6
6
-
8
9
O
=
6
-
5
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
2
3
-
6
6
-
8
9
O
=
6
-
7
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
2
3
-
6
6
-
8
9
O
=
6
-
9
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
2
3
-
6
6
-
8
9
O
=
6
-
10
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
2
3
-
6
6
-
8
9
G
=
7
-
4
1
G
7
7
5
-
1
2
3
-
5
-
7
8
9
G
=
7
-
1
1
G
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
-
7
-
7
8
9
G
=
7
-
8
1
G
7
7
5
-
1
2
3
-
5
-
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
63
-
4
11
GOD GO DO GOOD
108
63
63
-
1
2
3
12
5
18
7
2
2
-
-
6+3
-
-
1+1
-
1+0+8
6+3
6+3
-
-
-
-
1+2
-
1+8
-
-
-
Q
-
9
-
-
2
GOD GO DO GOOD
18
9
9
-
1
2
3
3
5
9
7
2
2

 

 
 
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